Abstract
Abstract An intermediate tropical Pacific Ocean model is developed to bridge the gap between anomaly models of El Nino and ocean general circulation models. The model contains essential physics for reproducing both the annual and interannual variations of sea surface temperature (SST). A new parameterization scheme for entrained water temperature is shown to work satisfactorily in both the cold tongues and warm pools. This scheme combines the Cane-Zebiak (CZ) model's dynamic framework and mixed layer physics, giving a more realistic description of the active tropical ocean. Incorporation of the Niiler-Kraus scheme for turbulent entrainment enables the model to better simulate El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the central equatorial Pacific where the CZ model considerably underestimates observed SST variations. It also improves the model's performance on the seasonal cycle, especially in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The potential energy generation indu...
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