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Abstract
The advent of HIV and AIDS has brought about many diagnostic and management challenges regarding multiple opportunistic infections. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a common presentation in patients with AIDS who are not on prophylaxis or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Herpes simplex 1 virus (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous virus that mainly causes benign disease during primary infection. However, it is known to cause severe pneumonia and disseminated disease in the immunocompromised.1 We present a case of HSV-1 pneumonitis and PCP co-infection in an HIV-positive patient with respiratory failure. To the best of our knowledge, based on Pubmed and Google Scholar searches, this is the first case to be reported in the English language literature.
Highlights
A 36-year-old HIV-positive woman with a CD4 count of 13 cells/μl was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, with a 3-week history of shortness of breath (New York Heart Association grade IV) which had progressively worsened 4 days prior to admission
The diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) was confirmed by immunofluorescent testing (Axis; Shield Diagnostics Ltd, UK) on the endotracheal aspirate (ETA) samples, which were negative for routine bacterial pathogens and TB
It is usually due to reactivation of the virus, which occurs as a result of certain stimuli such as fever and ultraviolet light as well as immunosuppression.[1,2]. It is a rare cause of respiratory disease in HIV-positive individuals, the likelihood increasing with progression to AIDS; it is an even rarer cause of respiratory infection in the immunocompetent.[3]
Summary
An interesting case of HSV Pneumonia and PCP co-infection in a patient with AIDS: A diagnostic and management Challenge. The advent of HIV and AIDS has brought about many diagnostic and management challenges regarding multiple opportunistic infections. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a common presentation in patients with AIDS who are not on prophylaxis or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Herpes simplex 1 virus (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous virus that mainly causes benign disease during primary infection. It is known to cause severe pneumonia and disseminated disease in the immunocompromised.[1] We present a case of HSV-1 pneumonitis and PCP co-infection in an HIV-positive patient with respiratory failure. To the best of our knowledge, based on Pubmed and Google Scholar searches, this is the first case to be reported in the English language literature
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