Abstract
Background and Aims: The prevalence of overweight and obesity consitutes a global epidemic and it is growing around the world. Food and nutrition are essential requirements for promoting health and protecting against non-communicable chronic diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Specific dietary components may modulate inflammation and oxidative stress in obese individuals. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was developed to characterize the anti- and pro-inflammatory effects of individuals' diet. Few studies have investigated the role of diet-associated inflammation in adolescents with obesity. The present study aims to investigate the effects of an interdisciplinary weight loss therapy on DII scores and cardiometabolic risk in obese adolescents and possibles correlations.Methods: A total of 45 volunteers (14–19 years old) were recruited and enrolled for long-term interdisciplinary therapy including clinical, nutritional, psychological counseling, and exercise training. Adolescents had access to videos about health education weekly. Body composition and inflammatory and serum profiles were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. The food intake was obtained by 24-h food recall. Data was used to calculate energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores. Negative scores indicate an anti-inflammatory diet and positive scores indicates a pro-inflammatory diet. The sample was divided according to whether individuals increased or decreased E-DII scores after therapy.Results: After therapy the body mass index (BMI), body weight, body fat, abdominal, waist, neck, and hip circumferences decreased significantly. The mean of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) increased after the therapy. There was found an improvement of inflammatory and cardiometabolic parameters. In exploratory analyses, this occurred mainly when the EDII improved.Conclusion: Long-term interdisciplinary therapy combined with a health education website improved inflammatory serum markers in obese adolescents. Reduction in DII scores was associated with reduction of cardiometabolic parameters, suggesting that an anti-inflammatory diet may be an effective strategy to prevent and treat obesity and related comorbidities.Trial: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6txv3v/, Register Number: RBR-6txv3v
Highlights
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that requires interdisciplinary therapy and preventive strategies
The present study indicates that long-term interdisciplinary therapy coupled with web-based health education can contribute to reducing obesity and associated inflammatory processes
The present investigation indicates that adolescents who observed the dietary advice tended to have lower energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) scores, and improvements in anthropometric and inflammatory parameters compared to their counterparts who continue to eat pro-inflammatory diet
Summary
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that requires interdisciplinary therapy and preventive strategies. Obesity-related comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, currently represent the main costs incurred by health care systems [1, 2]. Obesity is not just a matter of aesthetics and body image. It decreases life expectancy and results in cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, steatosis, characterizing metabolic syndrome; all together raising mortality risks [2, 5,6,7]. Few studies have investigated the role of diet-associated inflammation in adolescents with obesity. The present study aims to investigate the effects of an interdisciplinary weight loss therapy on DII scores and cardiometabolic risk in obese adolescents and possibles correlations
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