An Interdisciplinary Review of Camera Image Collection and Analysis Techniques, with Considerations for Environmental Conservation Social Science

Coleman L Little,Elizabeth E Perry,Ryan L Sharp,Jessica P Fefer,Matthew T J Brownlee

doi:10.3390/data5020051

Abstract

Camera-based data collection and image analysis are integral methods in many research disciplines. However, few studies are specifically dedicated to trends in these methods or opportunities for interdisciplinary learning. In this systematic literature review, we analyze published sources (n = 391) to synthesize camera use patterns and image collection and analysis techniques across research disciplines. We frame this inquiry with interdisciplinary learning theory to identify cross-disciplinary approaches and guiding principles. Within this, we explicitly focus on trends within and applicability to environmental conservation social science (ECSS). We suggest six guiding principles for standardized, collaborative approaches to camera usage and image analysis in research. Our analysis suggests that ECSS may offer inspiration for novel combinations of data collection, standardization tactics, and detailed presentations of findings and limitations. ECSS can correspondingly incorporate more image analysis tactics from other disciplines, especially in regard to automated image coding of pertinent attributes.

Highlights

Camera usage is a valuable research tool, due to the breadth of data collection and analysis facilitated by camera technology and related software [1]
We offer three fundamental practices for researchers to enhance interdisciplinary learning opportunities: (1) list and provide critical analysis of image analysis methods; (2) examine image analysis techniques beyond those typically utilized in a particular discipline; and (3) standardize guidelines for certain analysis techniques, ones that are discipline specific but may have applicability across disciplines
The diversity of automated analysis techniques captured in this study suggests another area for interdisciplinary collaboration, guidelines development, and standards definition, so that researchers can more recognize which techniques are best suited for study purposes

Summary

Introduction

Camera usage is a valuable research tool, due to the breadth of data collection and analysis facilitated by camera technology and related software [1]. In the discipline of environmental conservation social science (ECSS), cameras and associated image data are frequent methods in collecting information on human interactions with the environment [2,3]. Cameras are well suited to examine ECSS concepts and contexts, as image data and associated analyses can be wide ranging and capture broad information. Inspiration for more efficient implementation may come from any of the many disciplines that use cameras, yet camera usage and image analysis as a general method has yet to be systematically explored for cross-disciplinary insight and advancement. In this regard, the lens on camera methods remains smudgy. Because lessons from within and beyond ECSS could aid ECSS researchers in better employing camera methods, we present a systematic literature review of camera use and image

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