An interdisciplinary approach to the heterogeneity of homosexuality and sexual orientation

Abstract

This study reviews the methodological and theoretical problems in research on homosexuality and sexual orientation, and suggests that the heterogeneity of non-heterosexual behaviors needs further evaluation. Heterogeneity might arise either through endogenous factors like inside ones genome and brain structure, or exogenously through sources in the social environment and ones experiences. I suggest dividing non-heterosexual behavior into two categories: the endogenous or developmental, and the exogenous or acquired same-sex sexual behavior. Developmental same-sex sexual behavior arises due to a lack of coordination among genes, hormones, brain differentiation, and mothers immunological response during childbirth. Adult sexual behavior is predetermined by biological factors and not by lifestyle choices. The exogenous sources that influence sexual behavior are the individuals socio-economic conditions, socio-cultural environment, familial relationship, and sexual experiences. Acquired same-sex sexual behavior is a learned behavior that acts through the reward/reinforcement system of the brain under the influence of the exogenous environment. The process is how it is similar to someone getting addicted to the internet. I have also reviewed related disciplines that could help obtain more evidence on the heterogeneity of homosexuality and sexual orientation.