An interdisciplinary and multi-level review of resilience to inform training of human resources for critical infrastructure

Abstract

Following the broad application of the concept of resilience, the interdisciplinary and multi-level formulations have been blurred, calling for further research to explore the commonalities and differences of the concept across disciplines and organizational levels of analysis. In this research, we studied interdisciplinary formulations of the concept of resilience to explore how critical infrastructure workforce training to build resilience can be incorporated across individual employee (micro-level), team (meso-level) and organization (macro-level) levels. Informed by a systematic literature review and content analysis, an interdisciplinary and multi-level framework for resilience in the workplace was developed to guide organization-wide resilience training of critical infrastructure employees. This research can be used to inform practice by directing the focus of resilience training initiatives at each level. The paper's recommendations highlight the need for resilience training to focus on capacities and traits associated with anticipation in organizations to ensure the protection and resilience of critical infrastructure.