Abstract
ABSTRACT The applications of 3D building models are limited as producing them requires massive labor and time costs as well as expensive devices. In this paper, we aim to propose a novel and web-based interactive platform, VGI3D, to overcome these challenges. The platform is designed to reconstruct 3D building models by using free images from internet users or volunteered geographic information (VGI) platform, even though not all these images are of high quality. Our interactive platform can effectively obtain each 3D building model from images in 30 seconds, with the help of user interaction module and convolutional neural network (CNN). The user interaction module provides the boundary of building facades for 3D building modeling. And this CNN can detect facade elements even though multiple architectural styles and complex scenes are within the images. Moreover, user interaction module is designed as simple as possible to make it easier to use for both of expert and non-expert users. Meanwhile, we conducted a usability testing and collected feedback from participants to better optimize platform and user experience. In general, the usage of VGI data reduces labor and device costs, and CNN simplifies the process of elements extraction in 3D building modeling. Hence, our proposed platform offers a promising solution to the 3D modeling community.
Highlights
We propose a new interactive platform, VGI3D, for 3D building modeling
This platform is mainly composed of user interaction, automatic facade elements extraction, automatic roof inference, and real-time modeling of 3D buildings
The extraction of facade elements and building modeling are automatically achieved by an object detection network and inference in 30 s, leading the platform to realize fast and complete urban 3D building modeling with lower labor and time costs
Summary
Classic methods that can create highly detailed 3D building models usually adopt grammar and topology rules (Becker, 2009; Dehbi & Plümer, 2011) While their produc tions are stable and complete, only limited architectural styles can be covered. Automatic methods based on point cloud data from laser or LiDAR (Yu, Helmholz, & Belton, 2017) guarantee very high modeling precision, and eliminate the defects of limited architectural styles These automatic methods need the assistance of professional and expensive devices to ensure the size and quality of data to obtain impressive results. All of these requirements lead to higher costs on labor and time. That means automatic methods are difficult to reconstruct 3D models effectively when lacking data or facing data noise, without the help from users
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