Abstract
An innovative “intelligent catalyst” that exhibits a greatly improved durability as a result of the self-regenerative function of Pd nanoparticles has been developed. Self-regeneration was realized through a cycle between solid solution and segregation of Pd in a perovskite crystal, without any auxiliary treatment. That is, Pd atoms move back and forth between the inside (as Pd cations in the lattice) and the outside (as Pd nanoparticles) of the perovskite crystal in synchronization with the fluctuations between reductive and oxidative (redox) atmospheres that occur in real automotive exhaust gases. As a result of this cyclic redox reaction, the growth of Pd nanoparticles can be suppressed during the entire lifetime of the vehicle. This self-regenerative function provides a new and useful tool for the development of future automotive catalysts. The mechanism of the self-regenerative function is described, and it is shown by ex situ and in situ X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopic analyses that the self-regenerative function occurs at an extremely high speed over a wide range of temperatures. In addition, technical solutions for overcoming the weaknesses of general perovskite catalysts for practical use are described.
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