Abstract
Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity levels are the critical cultivation factors for freshwater aquaculture. This paper proposes a novel wireless multi-sensor system by integrating the temperature, pH, DO, and EC sensors with an ESP 32 Wi-Fi module for monitoring the water quality of freshwater aquaculture, which acquires the sensing data and salinity information directly derived from the EC level. The information of water temperature, pH, DO, EC, and salinity levels was displayed in the ThingSpeak IoT platform and was visualized in a user-friendly manner by ThingView APP. Firstly, these sensors were integrated with an ESP32 Wi-Fi platform. The observations of sensors and the estimated salinity from the EC level were then transmitted by a Wi-Fi network to an on-site Wi-Fi access point (AP). The acquired information was further transmitted to the ThingSpeak IoT and displayed in the form of a web-based monitoring system which can be directly visualized by online browsing or the ThingView APP. Through the complete processes of pre-calibration, in situ measurement, and post-calibration, the results illustrate that the proposed wireless multi-sensor IoT system has sufficient accuracy, reliable confidence, and a good tolerance for monitoring the water quality of freshwater aquaculture.
Highlights
Suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020, both fisheries and aquaculture businesses have been facing a range of operational difficulties, such as labor, financing, logistics, and weak market procurement, all affecting the output reduction in 2020
In order to double-check the accuracy, confidence, and reliability of the proposed water quality monitoring system for aquaculture, the temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrical conductivity (EC) sensors were calibrated in advance, the wireless multi-sensor system conducted an in situ evaluation for 20 consecutive days, and the sensors were post-calibrated to check the possible drift in instrument accuracy
PH, DO, and EC with an ESP-WROOM-32 Wi-Fi module, the sensors can be calibrated in advance
Summary
Suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020, both fisheries and aquaculture businesses have been facing a range of operational difficulties, such as labor, financing, logistics, and weak market procurement, all affecting the output reduction in 2020. Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1], aquaculture has already demonstrated its crucial role in global food security with the production growing rate of 7.5%/year since 1970. The global fish consumption is ever-increasing, and fish production from aquaculture was of significant importance between 2000 and 2018. The fish production from inland aquaculture in 2018 was twice that in 2000. Both marine and inland aquaculture is significantly considered as an integral component for global food security and economic development. This implies aquaculture requires intensive care in the culture process to enhance yield, including stocking, feeding, and protection from predators and disease. The water quality of seawater and freshwater for aquaculture is essential
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