Abstract
The present study is based on the estimation of runoff using GIS and SWAT in the Kulsi Watershed, Assam. Soil and Water assessment tool (SWAT) is a physically based distributed parameter model which was developed to predict runoff, sediment, erosion from specific watersheds under different input conditions. For understanding the rainfall-runoff behavior of the basin, SWAT hydrological model was used and divided in 19 subwatersheds and 188 Hydrogical Response Units. The watershed comprises of four Land use classifications (River/water bodies, Open forest, dense forests and barren land) with three soil classes. The delineated area of the study is found to be 1754.39 km². The study indicates that the annual rainfall runoff relationship correlates with magnitude of total runoff. From the calibration output, the simulated stream flow hydrograph deviates slightly with the observed stream flow hydrograph. The model was auto calibrated and validated using SWAT-CUP SUFI2 for 10 year i.e. from 1988-1997 .The average Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for monthly calibration and validation was found to be 0.18 and 0.70 respectively. The coefficient of determination (R²) value for monthly calibration and validation was found to be 0.31 and 0.73 and RSR value for calibration and validation was found to be 0.91 and 0.55 respectively. The study was also carried out to perform the sensitivity analysis of different parameters responsible for stream flow generation. Based on the analysis, SCS runoff curve number (CN2.mgt), Groundwater "revap" coefficient (GW_REVAP.gw), Groundwater delay days (GW_DELAY.gw), Saturated hydraulic conductivity (SOL_AWC.sol), Base flow alpha factor (ALPHA_BF.gw), Threshold depth of water in the shallow aquifer required for return flow to occur (mm) (GWQMN.gw) were found to be the most sensitive parameters. Overall the SWAT model performance was found to be satisfactory for stream flow simulation and the calibrated model can be used for runoff generation and sustainable water resource projects and development.
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