Abstract
This work demonstrates a tunable optofluidic droplet lens with a controllable liquid-air interface. The lens is actuated using a fast membrane-free thermo-pneumatic actuator. A liquid droplet with a clear aperture of 2mm is pinned at a circular hole that was fabricated using high-precision 3D printing technology. Movement of the liquid interface is performed by changing the temperature of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) automatically. The properties of the TEC actuator are compared with those of a membrane thermal actuator through analytical solutions obtained from multi-physics finite element simulations. The average thermal response time of the lens is measured using an infrared thermal imager. The temperature distribution over the device and that over the optical liquid are compared in detail. Finally, the tunability properties of the liquid droplet, including its side profile, optical response time, back focal length, and image performance, are verified experimentally.
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