An integrated multiple marker modality is superior to NT-proBNP alone in prognostic prediction in all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort of elderly heart failure patients

Abstract

BackgroundIdentifying the individual mortality risk for elderly heart failure (HF) patients is challenging because of heterogeneity, comorbidity and higher age. To overcome this, an integrated multiple marker modality has been proposed for better prognostic prediction than a single variable, this has not been evaluated. AimThe aim of this study is to identify whether a multiple marker modality is better than N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) alone for all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients. MethodsA prospective cohort of 361 patients (65±15years) referred for echocardiography because of suspected HF was studied, among them, 179 had HF (71±13). In this cohort blood sampling, electrocardiogram and clinical examinations were performed within approximately 24hours after the echocardiography. To assess prognostic value of multiple marker modality for all-cause mortality, patients were followed up for 24±7months. ResultsIn the three multivariate analyses, NT-proBNP, cystatin C, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), pulmonary artery pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60mL/min, anemia, diuretics and sinus rhythm are prognostic predictors of all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients. When analyzing all these variables in one multivariate analysis, only NT-proBNP, eGFR less than 60mL/min, anemia and diuretics are prognostic predictors of all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients. Two different multiple marker models incorporating NT-proBNP, clinical and laboratory variables were created. The sensitivity and specificity of the two different multiple marker modalities are higher than for NT-proBNP alone. The risk score based on multivariate analysis Wald X2 values is preferred considering its simplicity and feasibility in daily clinical practice. ConclusionA multiple marker modality was proven to improve prognostic prediction in elderly HF patients compared to NT-proBNP alone.