Abstract

The Park and Ride (P&R) System is part of a set of parking policies provided by Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) that have been used in developing efficient, safe and environmentally friendly solutions to reduce the undesirable effects of private vehicles in Central Business District (CBD). In fact, the P&Rs are allocated near public transportation stations to ease transfer from a private vehicle to a public transportation mode. Therefore, the P&R system is considered as an alternative transport mode in which the location and potential demand of each facility are fundamental components to be evaluated within sustainable urban planning. The paper proposes an integrated model of P&R facilities based on estimate the potential demand through a mathematical model of the seven park-and-ride (P&R) facilities (designated A to G) in Cuenca city, Ecuador. The developed integrated model includes two cost functions: one is the P&R mode, and the second is the private car mode. Additionally, a SUMP is integrated into the model as a data collection source in order to find the required parameters for the cost functions and origin–destination (O-D) matrix of private vehicles. The results showed that three out of the seven P&R facilities (P&R C, P&R G, and P&R A) had the highest demand (70% of the overall demand). Consequently, these three P&R facilities were studied separately using the same developed model, and the demand proved to be the highest for P&R facility “C” (39% out of 70%). In conclusion, SUMPs, as a methodology for data collection and a mathematical model, proved to be an effective integrated method for evaluating the most attractive P&R location based on the potential demand.

Highlights

  • The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is one of the most essential methods that has been used as a tool by government authorities and transport planners for urban strategic development

  • The Park and Ride (P&R) System is part of a set of parking policies provided by Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) that have been used in developing efficient, safe and environmentally friendly solutions to reduce the undesirable effects of private vehicles in Central Business District (CBD)

  • The result is that 12% of trips include a private car changing to the P&R system

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Summary

Introduction

The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is one of the most essential methods that has been used as a tool by government authorities and transport planners for urban strategic development. It is considered a guide to promote a shift towards more sustainable modes of transport, supporting the integration of all modes of transport and providing efficient, safe and environmentally friendly solutions [1]. One of the most widely used parking policies to solve the undesirable effects of private vehicles on urban centers is the P&R system This system allows private vehicle users travelling to a Central Business District (CBD) to leave their vehicles there and transfer to public transport modes to complete their journeys [4]. The P&R system is considered as a transport mode that promotes the intermodal shift towards a more sustainable transport mode inside of the urban area [5]

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