Abstract
Abstract. As urbanization continues to increase and extreme climatic events become more prevalent, urban planners and engineers are actively implementing adaptive measures to protect urban assets and communities. To support the urban planning adaptation process, mapping of impervious and pervious areas is essential to understanding the hydrodynamic environment within urban areas for flood risk planning. The application of advance geospatial data and analytical techniques using remote sensing and GIS can improve land surface characterization to better quantify surface run-off and infiltration. This study presents a method to combine airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data for classifying pervious (e.g. vegetation, gravel, and soil) and impervious (e.g. asphalt and concrete) areas within road allowance areas for the City of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. Hyperspectral data was acquired using the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) at 1 m ground spatial resolution, consisting of 72 spectral bands, and LiDAR data acquired from Leica Airborne LiDAR system at a density of 20 points/m2. A spectral library was established using 10 cm orthophotography and GIS data to identify surface features. In addition to spectral functions such as mean and standard deviation, several spectral indices were developed to discriminate between asphalt, concrete, gravel, vegetation, and shadows respectively. A spectral analysis of selected endmembers was conducted and an initial classification technique was applied using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). The classification results (i.e. shadows) were improved by integrating LIDAR data with the hyperspectral data.
Highlights
The occurrence of extreme climatic events involving intense rainfall is becoming more prevalent with recent flooding of major Canadian Cities
With global air and ocean temperature continuing to rise, more water vapour is available in the atmosphere to fuel extreme precipitation events. The effect of these changes are more significant in urban areas due to the prevalence of impervious areas resulting in increased surface runoff
To support the urban planning adaptation process, mapping of impervious and pervious areas is essential to understanding the hydrodynamic environment for flood planning
Summary
One of the primary impacts of climate change that communities are facing is a disruption in the equilibrium of the earth’s global water systems which is anticipated to cause an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events such as heavy rainfall, floods, and droughts (Methrall 2014). The effect of these changes are more significant in urban areas due to the prevalence of impervious areas (e.g. asphalt and concrete) resulting in increased surface runoff. Current stormwater drainage systems were originally designed without the consideration of climate change and the capacity to handle the increasing stormwater inflow magnitudes, frequencies and intensities. Over time, this is expected to lead to increased flooding risk and the reliance of overland flow routes to convey stormwater.
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