Abstract
BackgroundMolecular breeding has opened new avenues for crop improvement with the potential for faster progress. As oil palm is the major producer of vegetable oil in the world, its improvement, such as developing compact planting materials and altering its oils’ fatty acid composition for wider application, is important.ResultsThis study sought to identify the QTLs associated with fatty acid composition and vegetative traits for compactness in the crop. It integrated two interspecific backcross two (BC2) mapping populations to improve the genetic resolution and evaluate the consistency of the QTLs identified. A total 1963 markers (1814 SNPs and 149 SSRs) spanning a total map length of 1793 cM were integrated into a consensus map. For the first time, some QTLs associated with vegetative parameters and carotene content were identified in interspecific hybrids, apart from those associated with fatty acid composition. The analysis identified 8, 3 and 8 genomic loci significantly associated with fatty acids, carotene content and compactness, respectively.ConclusionsMajor genomic region influencing the traits for compactness and fatty acid composition was identified in the same chromosomal region in the two populations using two methods for QTL detection. Several significant loci influencing compactness, carotene content and FAC were common to both populations, while others were specific to particular genetic backgrounds. It is hoped that the QTLs identified will be useful tools for marker-assisted selection and accelerate the identification of desirable genotypes for breeding.
Highlights
Molecular breeding has opened new avenues for crop improvement with the potential for faster progress
This study revealed, for the first time, three quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with carotene content across three Linkage group (LG)
We identified BAM1 [GenBank: XM_010914345] which co-localized with markers in the QTL region associated with rachis length on LG11
Summary
Molecular breeding has opened new avenues for crop improvement with the potential for faster progress. The palm commonly planted commercially is the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) It is the most productive vegetable oil crop, with commercial oil yields of ~ 4 t/ ha/yr [3], and up to 13 t/ha/yr in some breeding trials [4]. MPOB identified Population 12 from its Nigerian prospection, for its dwarfness, and for its high bunch number, good yield and desirable fruit characteristics [8]. These palms, when crossed with elite materials, are 5–10% shorter than the standard crosses [9]. In another study using association mapping, a SNP marker, SNPG00006 Fatl, was observed to be significantly associated with height (P ≤ 0.05) [12]
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