Abstract
Griggs, D., M. Stafford Smith, J. Rockström, M. C. Öhman, O. Gaffney, G. Glaser, N. Kanie, I. Noble, W. Steffen, and P. Shyamsundar. 2014. An integrated framework for sustainable development goals. Ecology and Society 19(4): 49. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07082-190449
Highlights
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), adopted in 2000 by 189 nations, were designed to improve the lives of the world‛s poor (Appendix 1, Table A1)
The United Nations (UN) Rio+20 summit committed nations to develop a set of universal sustainable development goals (SDGs) to build on the millennium development goals (MDGs) set to expire in 2015
Building on six SDGs, which integrate development and environmental considerations, we developed a comprehensive framework of goals and associated targets, which demonstrate that it is possible, and necessary, to develop integrated targets relating to food, energy, water, and ecosystem services goals; providing a neutral evidence-based approach to support SDG target discussions
Summary
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), adopted in 2000 by 189 nations, were designed to improve the lives of the world‛s poor (Appendix 1, Table A1). Some approaches to increasing food security may come at a significant cost to the global climate system, in turn putting food security itself at risk in the long term This risk was highlighted in a recent United Nations report that recommended SDGs that are integrated, that is, where each goal incorporates social, economic, and environmental dimensions (UNEP 2013). The lessons of the MDGs highlight the need for clear and quantified targets: in Appendix 1, Table A3, we show one set of possible values under SDG 4, but given a policy decision on the acceptable level of climate change, specific target values for CI and EI can be proposed, for reasonably expected rates of GDP growth, and these can be monitored to help countries to focus on policies to reduce carbon intensity and improve energy efficiency. Given that many of the SDGs will play out through the actions of the growing world population living in cities, global networks of cities (Seitzinger et al 2012) may share subglobal targets and the expertise to achieve them
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