An integrated energy analysis framework for evaluating the application of hydrogen-based energy storage systems in achieving net zero energy buildings and cities in Canada

Abstract

The integration of hydrogen-based energy storage systems into urban residential buildings is a promising method to reduce urban greenhouse gas emissions and achieve clean energy supply. However, a comprehensive energy evaluation method that accurately reflects the system lacking. To address this gap, this study proposes a robust integrated energy analysis framework for evaluating the application prospect of hydrogen-based energy storage systems in urban residential buildings. The framework involves building energy analysis modeling, uncertain modeling, and energy management optimization modeling and provides comprehensive energy analysis results that fully consider urban characteristics. The study evaluates the economy, environment, and energy development potential of hydrogen-based energy storage systems in 20 Canadian cities. The results indicate that the implementation of hydrogen-based energy storage systems in residential buildings in these cities resulted in annual economic costs ranging from 10,682 Canadian dollars to 234,689 Canadian dollars, annual reduced carbon emissions ranging from 29 kg CO2e to 20,712 kg CO2e, and annual energy potential rate ranging from 45.28% to 223.92%. The study found that hydrogen storage has an economic advantage in hydrogen-based energy storage systems, whereas battery storage has environmental and energy potential advantages. The proposed energy analysis framework can provide techno-economic references for Canadian planners to plan a reasonable hydrogen roadmap for urban residential buildings.