Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, lowering the quality of life among women worldwide. Autophagy plays dual roles in these malignancies. To search for prognostic markers for endometrial cancer, we mined The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Human Autophagy Database for information on endometrial cancer and autophagy-related genes and identified five autophagy-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) (LINC01871, SCARNA9, SOS1-IT1, AL161618.1, and FIRRE). Based on these autophagy-related lncRNAs, samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. Univariate and multivariate independent prognostic analyses showed that patients' age, pathological grade, and FIGO stage were all risk factors for poor prognosis. A clinical correlation analysis of the relationship between the five autophagy-related lncRNAs and patients' age, pathological grade, and FIGO stage was also per https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7090-1750 formed. Histopathological assessment of the tumor microenvironment showed that the ESTIMATE, immune, and stromal scores in the high-risk group were lower than those in the low-risk group. Principal component analysis and functional annotation were performed to confirm the correlations. To further evaluate the effect of the model constructed on prognosis, samples were divided into training (60%) and validation (40%) groups, regarding the risk status as an independent prognostic risk factor. A prognostic nomogram was constructed using patients' age, pathological grade, FIGO stage, and risk status to estimate the patients' survival rate. C-index and multi-index ROC curves were generated to verify the stability and accuracy of the nomogram. From this analysis, we concluded that the five lncRNAs identified in this study could affect the incidence and development of endometrial cancer by regulating the autophagy process. Therefore, these molecules may have the potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
Highlights
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women
The samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the risk score: risk score = ∑ni=1coef ðiÞ × xðiÞ, where coef ðiÞ and xðiÞ represent the estimated regression coefficient and the expression value of each autophagy-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), respectively
To identify autophagy-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis, transcript data for endometrial cancer samples and autophagy-related genes were integrated
Summary
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women. In 2020, this cancer was the fourth most common malignant tumor in American women, and 65,620 new cases and 12,590 deaths annually were predicted [1]. Endometrial cancer is often divided into two types. LncRNA participates in the incidence and development of several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, nervous system diseases, and malignant tumors [9,10,11]. There are several mechanisms of lncRNA regulation in BioMed Research International the incidence and development of malignancies [12,13,14]. In triple-negative breast cancer, let-7b acts as a decoy, allowing HOST2 to repress STAT3 expression, and regulate tumor proliferation and migration [15]
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