Abstract
Bioimpedance spectroscopy is used in a wide range of biomedical applications. This paper presents an integrated analog readout, which employs synchronous detection to perform galvanostatic multi-channel, multi-frequency bioimpedance measurements. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 1.52 mm2. The effect of random dc offsets is investigated, along with the use of chopping to minimize them. Impedance measurements of a known RC load and skin (using commercially available electrodes) demonstrate the operation of the system over a frequency range up to 1 MHz. The circuit operates from a ±2.5 V power supply and has a power consumption of 3.4-mW per channel.
Highlights
B IOIMPEDANCE measurement is an established technique with a wide range of medical applications
The channel output has a mean value of 49.7 mV and a standard deviation of 1.2 mV. 97 % of the runs are within a 5% deviation from the mean value
This paper presented an integrated analog readout for multifrequency bioimpedance measurements
Summary
B IOIMPEDANCE measurement is an established technique with a wide range of medical applications. These include cancerous tissue characterization and detection [1], electrical impedance tomography (EIT) [2], total body analysis systems [3], gas sensors [4], impedimetric biosensors [5] and various lab-on-a-chip applications [6]. In human tissue measurements [1]–[3] typically a galvanostatic approach (inject current, measure voltage) is used in order to limit the current injected to the tissue and adhere to medical safety regulations with the maximum allowable current being a function of frequency [7]. Impedance can be described by its magnitude and phase or, alternatively, by its real and imaginary parts.
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