Abstract
In this paper, by integrating InP/InGaAsP/InP Photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier (PhC-SOA) with photonic crystal channel drop filters (PhC-CDF), we present a novel fully integrated ultra-small low-power all-optical analog to digital converter (AO-ADC). The self-phase modulation in the PhC-SOA can shift the frequency of the Gaussian input pulse. The two output PhC-CDFs are designed in a way that appropriately codes the frequency-shifted pulse by the PhC-SOA, which consequently converts them to four desired digital output levels. The numerical results indicated that the center wavelength of an amplitude modulated Gaussian pulse with a center wavelength of 1551.228 nm, temporal pulse-width of 10.6 ps, and energy of 74.4 fJ can be shifted by 1.652 nm. This shift is accommodated by utilizing a PhC-SOA with a length of 9 µm and an injection current of 6.5 mA. The shifted pulse is then quantized and coded to the four digital levels of (00, 01, 10, 11) by two point-defect PhC-CDFs. The PhC-CDFs minimize the AO-ADC integral and differential nonlinearity (INL/DNL) errors by compensating for the effect of the nonlinear frequency shift induced by PhC-SOA. The proposed design offers a footprint of 142 µm2 AO-ADC working at 10 Gs/s.
Highlights
Regarding the development of the optical network communication systems, similar to other optical gates (Parandin et al 2021; Parandin, Karkhanehchi 2017; Taleb, Abedi 2013), semi-optical (Taylor et al 1978; Nathawad et al 2003), and all-optical analog to digital converters (AO-ADCs) as an inseparable part of any digital system have been proposed in the recent decades.University, P
This paper presents a fully compact integrated 2-bit AO-ADC, consisting of a Photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier (PhC-semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)) as a nonlinear optical quantizer integrated with two photonic crystal channel drop filters (PhC-CDF)
To minimize the coupling loss for the optical signal crossing the interfaces between the Photonic crystals (PhC)-SOA and the adjacent PhC-CDFs, a coupling region is considered at the interface which is integrated on the same air-hole PhC platform with the same hexagonal lattice
Summary
Regarding the development of the optical network communication systems, similar to other optical gates (Parandin et al 2021; Parandin, Karkhanehchi 2017; Taleb, Abedi 2013), semi-optical (Taylor et al 1978; Nathawad et al 2003), and all-optical analog to digital converters (AO-ADCs) as an inseparable part of any digital system have been proposed in the recent decades. It is worth noting that the use of a low-Δ W1-PhCW (i.e., a W1-PhCW with a small difference in its core and cladding relative refractive indices) results in the enhancement of the light-matter interaction near the photonic band edge, reducing the length of the PhC-SOA active region This behavior makes this kind of SOAs (called PhC-SOAs) a new device suitable for use in Photonic integrated circuits (Taleb, Abedi 2014; Kotb et al 2019, 2018; Kotb,Zoiros 2017; Kotb,Guo 2020). The bit resolution can be improved by alternating the configuration of the highquality factor PhC-CDFs. we describe the operating principles of the proposed integrated AO-ADC and design considerations.
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