Abstract
The objective of this study were to evaluate the institutional of watershed management in border area of Indonesia and Timor-Leste, and to design a model of transboundary watershed management institution for Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Weighting of internal and external factors method was used to evaluate the institutional transboundary watershed management, while analytical hierarchy process was used to compute the institutional model of transboundary watershed management. The internal factors consists of: the commitment of the stakeholder in watershed management, development priorities at border area, the limited institutional cooperation, the land use changes. The external factors are: international environmental agenda on development country, international conferences that supported the countries collaboration toward sustainable development achievement, supporting culture in forest and water resources protection, slash and burn cultivation activities, conflicts, lack of ecological. The result showed that weighting of internal and external factors on quadrant III is alternaltive institutional model of transboundary watershed management. The priority alternatives institutional model and also road map for sustainable development are collaboration agreement of transboundary management, transboundary watershed forum, and autonomous transboundary watershed management. The alternatives institutional has relation with the development phase, condition of local community and environment.
Highlights
Management of natural resources tend to be exploitative, thereby reducing the capacity of the environment and lead to negative externalities such as floods and droughts. Fauzi (2010) stated that externality were the development activities with adverse impact to other party
Internal and external factors of institutional of transboundary watershed management The strengths of Tono Watershed management was collaboration commitment in transboundary watershed management signed by two countries, and priority development on the border area, that is functionally located in the watershed
People precence in border area of Indonesia and Timor-Leste to protect the culture of forest and water resources, and strong kinship between the people who living in the border area
Summary
Management of natural resources tend to be exploitative, thereby reducing the capacity of the environment and lead to negative externalities such as floods and droughts. Fauzi (2010) stated that externality were the development activities with adverse impact to other party. Management of natural resources tend to be exploitative, thereby reducing the capacity of the environment and lead to negative externalities such as floods and droughts. When the source and recipient of externalities in different countries, it is necessary to transboundary management (Wondwosen 2008).Watershed is an area/region/zone of a hydrological unit that formed naturally through water catchment (from rain) and flows across the area to tributaries and river (Kodoatie & Sjarief 2010). Resources in a watershed are managed by or under different authority or sector agencies, even under different countries such as 10 watersheds which cover regions between Indonesia and Timor-Leste. One of them is Tono Watershed, which is important role for Indonesia and Timor-Leste people's livelihood, but flood and drought occur frequently, due to mis-management resources in areas of both countries
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