Abstract
The electrification of transportation has been developed to support energy efficiency and CO2 reduction. As a result, electric vehicles (EVs) have become more popular in the current transport system to create more efficient energy. In recent years, this increase in EVs as well as renewable energy resources (RERs) has led to a major issue for power system networks. This paper studies electrical vehicles (EVs) and their applications in the smart grid and provides practical solutions for EV charging strategies in a smart power system to overcome the issues associated with large-scale EV penetrations. The research first reviews the EV battery infrastructure and charging strategies and introduces the main impacts of uncontrolled charging on the power grid. Then, it provides a practical overview of the existing and future solutions to manage the large-scale integration of EVs into the network. The simulation results for two controlled strategies of maximum sensitivity selection (MSS) and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization are presented and reviewed. A comparative analysis was performed to prove the application and validity of the solution approaches. This also helps researchers with the application of the optimization approaches on EV charging strategies. These two algorithms were implemented on a modified IEEE 23 kV medium voltage distribution system with switched shunt capacitors (SSCs) and a low voltage residential network, including EVs and nonlinear EV battery chargers.
Highlights
Over the past decade, smart grid technology has been significantly developed by the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) as well as distributed energy resources (DERs)
This paper reviewed EV battery infrastructure and charging strategies and investigated the main impacts of uncontrolled/uncoordinated EV charging on the power system
The study included the relevant recent research on uncontrolled charging strategies to recognize the main parameters affected by the uncontrolled charging method and provided a practical insight into the existing and future solutions to achieve high penetration of EVs into the network
Summary
Smart grid technology has been significantly developed by the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) as well as distributed energy resources (DERs). Studies aimed at improving the performance, reliability, stability, and power quality of grid by implementing different approaches and strategies, such as demand side management (DSM), controlling the active/reactive power flow, and including load tap changers (LTCs) or switched shunt capacitors (SSCs) to the network [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], have been performed. Optimal scheduling of LTC and SSC, Real time coordination of EV charging, EV charging impacts, charging schemes and strategies, Smart Load Management, EVs and integration of renewable energy.
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