Abstract
For more than two decades, the view of the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been radically changing. These RNA molecules that are transcribed from our genome do not have the capacity to encode proteins, but are critical regulators of gene expression at different levels. Our knowledge is constantly enriched by new reports revealing the role of these new molecular players in the development of many pathological conditions, including cancer. One of the ncRNA classes includes short RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression affecting various cellular processes. The aberrant expression of miRNAs with oncogenic and tumor-suppressive function is associated with cancer initiation, promotion, malignant transformation, progression and metastasis. Oncogenic miRNAs, also known as oncomirs, mediate the downregulation of tumor-suppressor genes and their expression is upregulated in cancer. Nowadays, miRNAs show promising application in diagnosis, prediction, disease monitoring and therapy response. Our review presents a current view of the oncogenic role of miR-1290 with emphasis on its properties as a cancer biomarker in clinical medicine.
Highlights
Cancer incidence and mortality is growing rapidly worldwide
Non-coding RNAs related to epigenetic regulation are: long-non-coding RNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and microRNAs that are directly involved in cancerogenesis or indirectly participate in this process by the regulation of other epigenetic events [10]
Cui et al have shown that miR-1290 belongs to the set of miRNAs increased during hepatic differentiation [102]; their further study indicated that its presence is not necessary for the conversion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells [103]
Summary
Cancer incidence and mortality is growing rapidly worldwide. Statisticians predicted about 2 million new cancer cases (1,896,160) worldwide and approximately 600 thousand cancer deaths (608,570). The key concepts recognized as molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development are: (1) the ability of cancer cells to sustain proliferative signaling, (2) evading growth suppressors, (3) resisting cell death, (4) inducing angiogenesis, (5) activating invasion and metastasis, (6) enabling replicative immortality,. Each cell in a multicellular organism contains the same DNA; epigenetic information regulates how our genome is read [7]. This means that the combination of genes that are expressed or repressed determines cellular morphology and functions [8]. Interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are directly involved in cancerogenesis or indirectly participate in this process by the regulation of other epigenetic events [10]
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