An Innovative Power Management Strategy for Hybrid Battery–Supercapacitor Systems in Electric Vehicle

Abstract

Currently, batteries and supercapacitors play a vital role as energy storage systems in industrial applications, particularly in electric vehicles. Electric vehicles benefit from the high energy density of lithium batteries as well as the high power density of supercapacitors. Hence, a robust and efficient energy management system is required to coordinate energy flows between these two storage systems, ensuring road safety. In this study, we develop a novel rule-based strategy called “Continuous Regulation with Dynamic Battery Power Limiting” to establish robust control between the lithium-ion battery and the supercapacitor. A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of this proposed approach in comparison to conventional methods. The results show that this approach significantly enhances driving comfort and prevents depletion of the main energy source, resulting in a gain of nearly 30% compared to a lithium-ion battery electric vehicle. Additionally, this new rules-based strategy ensures that the supercapacitor is charged at the end of each drive cycle.