An innovative optimization model for sustainable hazardous waste reverse logistics network considering co-processing in cement kilns technology

Abstract

As the rapid growth in hazardous waste (HW) is threatening both the environment and public health, more efficient disposal methods are needed. This paper proposes an innovative HW reverse logistics network (RLN) considering advanced co-processing in cement kiln technology, establishing three disposal lines to reduce HW volumes, develop renewable products, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and conserve resources. To optimise the HW disposal process, a multi-objective optimisation model comprehensively considering social, economic, and environmental dimensions is proposed. Then a numerical example is used to demonstrated the validity of the proposed model and a real-world case is conducted to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the proposed model in determining the most suitable hazardous waste disposal facilities, transportation routes and transportation quantities. Scenario analyses under different decision-maker attitudes towards the objectives are conducted while also considering the influence of governmental disposal subsidies. Finally, practical policy suggestions are provided to guide scientific and sustainable HW disposal. This study concludes that 1) different decision maker and disposal subsidy levels affect the optimal system decisions, 2) advanced co-processing in cement kiln technology increases the effectiveness of the HW-RLN in terms of economic and environmental perspectives, and 3) policy subsidy support could encourage the application of co-processing in cement kiln technology; a unit disposal subsidy of 160 CNY is considered suitable for “technologically pessimistic” decision-makers, while 200–220 CNY is considered suitable for “technologically optimistic” decision-makers.