An innovative method to visualise mastoiditis using a hand-held X-ray system

Abstract

ObjectiveWe explore the utility of using a hand-held X-ray system to diagnose mastoiditis in archaeological populations. MaterialsA sample (n = 56) of hunter-fisher-gatherers from the Early Neolithic (8,000–7,000/6,800 cal. BP) Cis-Baikal cemetery of Shamanka II (Russia) were examined. MethodsImages were taken medio-laterally, approximately 90° to a sensor temporarily affixed to the lateral surface of the mastoid process. Digital radiographs were analysed for signs of mastoiditis occurring pre- and/or post-puberty. ResultsTwo thirds of individuals (39/56) exhibited evidence of mastoiditis. Chronic mastoiditis and chronic sinusitis co-occurred in 61.5% (24/39) of observable individuals. ConclusionsThis method was found to be an effective, convenient, and versatile non-destructive alternative to sectioning and traditional radiographic imaging. SignificanceThis is the first project to adapt a hand-held X-ray system for imaging and diagnosis of mastoiditis and this approach encourages future analyses of this infection. LimitationsThe cost of the imaging system is limiting and there are few comparative images taken in the same plane. Suggestions for further researchFurther research should create a larger catalogue of comparative radiographs and assess the diagnostic potential of imaging the mastoid process to rather than imaging the entire pneumatized portion of the temporal bone.