An innovative hybrid natural–artificial sports pitch construction system

Abstract

Third-generation artificial-turf pitches are often criticized because of their high abrasiveness when athletes fall on the surface, the high temperatures recorded in summer periods, and their unpleasant rubber odour. On the other hand, natural-turf pitches are not able to withstand the high play volumes currently associated with modern high-profile and community sports pitches. Hybrid systems with a varying presence of artificial fibres and reinforcements have long been tested and installed, without providing a definitive answer to the above-mentioned problems of natural turf. The aim of this study was to evaluate the playing characteristics and the wear resistance of a newly patented hybrid natural-artificial sports pitch construction system after rugby and football play for 2 months and 5 months. This hybrid system consists of a modified third-generation artificial grass with organic infill, on which natural grass was allowed to grow. A 11300 m2 experimental pitch was constructed in Pisa (Italy) in the summer of 2007 and tested during 2007–2008 following football and rugby union play for an average of 8–9 h/week. The hybrid pitch showed a total absence of rubber odour, summer temperatures similar to those of natural-turf pitches, wear resistance superior to that of natural-turf pitches, abrasiveness similar to that of natural-turf pitches, and good infill particle size stability. Most playing-quality parameters fell within both the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Recommended 2-Star Standard requirements for artificial turf and generally accepted playing-quality parameters for natural turf. Since then more pitches as described herein have been constructed and witnessed international match play, while FIFA has classified the system as a reinforced natural-grass pitch.