Abstract
Audio classification tasks like speech recognition and acoustic scene analysis require substantial labeled data, which is expensive. This work explores active learning to reduce annotation costs for a sound classification problem with rare target classes where existing datasets are insufficient. A deep convolutional recurrent neural network extracts spectro-temporal features and makes predictions. An uncertainty sampling strategy queries the most uncertain samples for manual labeling by experts and non-experts. A new alternating confidence sampling strategy and two other certainty-based strategies are proposed and evaluated. Experiments show significantly higher accuracy than passive learning baselines with the same labeling budget. Active learning generalizes well in a qualitative analysis of 20,000 unlabeled recordings. Overall, active learning with a novel sampling strategy minimizes the need for expensive labeled data in audio classification, successfully leveraging unlabeled data to improve accuracy with minimal supervision.
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