Abstract
An innovative continuous flow process linking biological nutrients removal (BNR) with induced crystallization (IC) was used to remove nutrients and recover phosphorus (P) from synthetic and real domestic wastewater. The results showed that a good nutrients removal performance was found regardless of feeding solutions. P recovery efficiency from synthetic wastewater was 70.2% slightly less than that from real domestic sewage (74.2%). Importantly, P recovery can effectively enhance the subsequent biological P removal. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis displayed an obvious shift in microbial community structure when switching feeding synthetic solution to real wastewater. A total of 13 bands were detected in sludge samples using synthetic and real domestic sewage, affiliated with 8 phyla or classes domain Bacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria and Chlorobia). The results obtained here suggest that the continuous flow BNR-IC process is feasible for nutrients removal and P recovery from domestic sewage and is a promising technology for wastewater treatment combined with recycling of P elements.
Highlights
IntroductionMconictirnouboiuosloflgoyw apnrodceBssiolitnekcihnngobloiogloyg, iUcanl invuetrrsieitnytsorfemLoavtavli(aB,N4RK) wroitnhvainldduacebdlvcdr.y,stallizatrcieioesnnucl(tysICfsr)ho4owm,w5a,ess6dyuInsnttehshdatetitttoiauctgrweeomaoosdotfevnwFeuoanttorueidrternwiSetsanastrfse7em0atyn.o2,dv%AarlesnclpiiLLogemvhVVrefato--rlly11rpm50Hlhe87aose66nssapctlRRehhthaowiinggraauaatsnsh,, fda(oLLPtuEaa)fnrttfnodvvrvmoiiraaimerrogesanayrmldndlteehonsemsttioec(sfBtafinecIedOsderiRwenaga)lg,sdeo3o(lmu7Lt4ei.eos2jtn%uiscp.)w.ePIsamrsestpectorwo.rv,atetarenyrt. leTyf,hfiPerecovery can effectively enhanceSuthbemsuibttseedqu6enMt baior.lo2g0ic1a2l ;Parecmceopvtael.dPo1l4ymAeurags.e2c0h1ai2n reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis displayed an obvious shift in microbial community structure when switchAbinsgtrafecetd. inTgrinsyitnrtohteotliucesnoelut(iToNn Tto),reaalcwoamstmewoantleyr. uAsetdotaelxopflo1s3ivbeanfodrs wmeirleitadreytecatnedd iinndsluusdtgrieaslaamppplleiscautsiionngs,sycnatnhectiacuse slpaehbaGrynioaotdromuarrstmeeomeaarnlpyevdrdioorsitaomeetlnoeiebomcsantteieccndtuestsraeibinwlaag,pacgoFtreeyllal,reuivaatoafilfbnoiladnsicat.trtbee2alrd8iuina-ewsd, fiaAteayhncstul8iagnibnproooehbercyaakulcattloteuoorrmriyasc,t,pluaSbodspitsyoheesistxnthidpgmeooebrmeuiaflmfaaceittenceinotrBitnoaaw,fcwEtathesiprteshicsialaeor(mntArrpioelerpaldoahttsameosopueebrtsnoatatceastpoenopbrdinlaayciTctnaeaNngrbidabTb,aiCroBgehaeemltuoalgropeomvraboafietlanee)aot.xnbatTatdrihcaotcecnehtrr,aiueans-a,ignnedgs insuslotsilobmtaicinroebdiahlerceosmugmgeusntitthyatrethspeocnosnitbinleuofuosr flcoowntBaNmRin-IaCntprdoecgerssadisatfeioansi.blCe hfoermniucatrlieanntsalryesmesovraelvaenadlePd rseicgonviefricyant defcrroemasdeosminesTtiNc sTewcoagneceanntdraistiaonpsr,ominicsliundgintegchrnedoulocgtyiofnorowf assotmeweatoefr tthreeaTtmNeTnttcoomitsbianmedinwoitdherreivcaytcelisndguorfiPngeltehmee2n8ts-.day teKstes.ywTohredsc:onmutbriinenatsiornemoofvabli,opahuogsmpheonrtuastiorenc-obvieorsyt,iminudluacteiodncraypstparlolizaacthionco, udepnleitdrifwyinthg pryoelypchuoltsipvhataitoenachcuadmutlhaetinmgost proorfgoaunnisdmesf,fdecetnaotnuriTnNg Tgraddeigernatdgaetlioelne.ctArolpthhoouregshis.plants enhanced the total microbial community abundance, blue fenugreek cultivation did not significantly affect the TNT degradation rate
COD, NH4+N, TN and TP concentrations of effluent remained at a low level and were on average 18.75±3.50 mg/L, 5.64±0.26 mg/L, 8.99±0.97 mg/L and 0.42±0.03 mg/L in synthetic wastewater and 25.35±9.72 mg/L, 4.35±0.52 mg/L, 11.89±1.54 mg/L and 0.46±0.02 mg/L in real domestic sewage, respectively, meeting the discharge standard of Contents
This study showed that effective nutrients removal and phosphorus recovery were achieved in the novel BNRIC process regardless of feeding types
Summary
Mconictirnouboiuosloflgoyw apnrodceBssiolitnekcihnngobloiogloyg, iUcanl invuetrrsieitnytsorfemLoavtavli(aB,N4RK) wroitnhvainldduacebdlvcdr.y,stallizatrcieioesnnucl(tysICfsr)ho4owm,w5a,ess6dyuInsnttehshdatetitttoiauctgrweeomaoosdotfevnwFeuoanttorueidrternwiSetsanastrfse7em0atyn.o2,dv%AarlesnclpiiLLogemvhVVrefato--rlly11rpm50Hlhe87aose66nssapctlRRehhthaowiinggraauaatsnsh,, fda(oLLPtuEaa)fnrttfnodvvrvmoiiraaimerrogesanayrmldndlteehonsemsttioec(sfBtafinecIedOsderiRwenaga)lg,sdeo3o(lmu7Lt4ei.eos2jtn%uiscp.)w.ePIsamrsestpectorwo.rv,atetarenyrt. leTyf,hfiPerecovery can effectively enhanceSuthbemsuibttseedqu6enMt baior.lo2g0ic1a2l ;Parecmceopvtael.dPo1l4ymAeurags.e2c0h1ai2n reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis displayed an obvious shift in microbial community structure when switchAbinsgtrafecetd. inTgrinsyitnrtohteotliucesnoelut(iToNn Tto),reaalcwoamstmewoantleyr. uAsetdotaelxopflo1s3ivbeanfodrs wmeirleitadreytecatnedd iinndsluusdtgrieaslaamppplleiscautsiionngs,sycnatnhectiacuse slpaehbaGrynioaotdromuarrstmeeomeaarnlpyevdrdioorsitaomeetlnoeiebomcsantteieccndtuestsraeibinwlaag,pacgoFtreeyllal,reuivaatoafilfbnoiladnsicat.trtbee2alrd8iuina-ewsd, fiaAteayhncstul8iagnibnproooehbercyaakulcattloteuoorrmriyasc,t,pluaSbodspitsyoheesistxnthidpgmeooebrmeuiaflmfaaceittenceinotrBitnoaaw,fcwEtathesiprteshicsialaeor(mntArrpioelerpaldoahttsameosopueebrtsnoatatceastpoenopbrdinlaayciTctnaeaNngrbidabTb,aiCroBgehaeemltuoalgropeomvraboafietlanee)aot.xnbatTatdrihcaotcecnehtrr,aiueans-a,ignnedgs insuslotsilobmtaicinroebdiahlerceosmugmgeusntitthyatrethspeocnosnitbinleuofuosr flcoowntBaNmRin-IaCntprdoecgerssadisatfeioansi.blCe hfoermniucatrlieanntsalryesmesovraelvaenadlePd rseicgonviefricyant defcrroemasdeosminesTtiNc sTewcoagneceanntdraistiaonpsr,ominicsliundgintegchrnedoulocgtyiofnorowf assotmeweatoefr tthreeaTtmNeTnttcoomitsbianmedinwoitdherreivcaytcelisndguorfiPngeltehmee2n8ts-.day teKstes.ywTohredsc:onmutbriinenatsiornemoofvabli,opahuogsmpheonrtuastiorenc-obvieorsyt,iminudluacteiodncraypstparlolizaacthionco, udepnleitdrifwyinthg pryoelypchuoltsipvhataitoenachcuadmutlhaetinmgost proorfgoaunnisdmesf,fdecetnaotnuriTnNg Tgraddeigernatdgaetlioelne.ctArolpthhoouregshis.plants enhanced the total microbial community abundance, blue fenugreek cultivation did not significantly affect the TNT degradation rate. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2016, 24(2): 116–123 recovery, which has drawn considerable attention in recent years (Acelas et al 2014; Hutnik et al 2013; Qiu, Ting 2014). It is noteworthy that about 3~10 mg/L of P in domestic sewage may provide a valuable potential market for P recovery. Current technology for P recovery from domestic wastewater mainly adopted chemical precipitation and the commonly used processes were the two types of struvite (NH4MgPO4, MAP) (Cusick, Logan 2012; Ichihashi, Hirooka 2012) and hydroxylapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH), HAP) (Zou et al 2014b), which were regarded as a slow release fertilizer (Yetilmezsoy, SapciZengin 2009). Since phosphate fertilizer accounted for about 80% of used phosphate rock in the world (Guney et al 2008), MAP or HAP (similar to fertilizer component) precipitation should be preferred to recover P element from solution
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