Abstract
This paper discusses a new method for determining co-seismic displacement using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for the precise detection of positional changes at permanent stations after an earthquake. Positioning by the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method is undertaken using data from the GNSS satellites and one designated station. A time series is processed by an anharmonic analysis before and after an earthquake and these one-day solutions increase the accuracy of measurements. The co-seismic static displacement can be precisely detected from the analysed time series before and after the earthquake, which can be used for the verification of seismic models. Reliability of the estimation of the size of the co-seismic offset is given by the mean square error (RMSE) of the shift. In this study, RMSE was determined by two approaches, initially from variances within PPP processing, and secondly when no positional change from the GNSS before or after the earthquake was assumed. The variance of the data in the time series gives a more realistic estimate of RMSE. This dual approach can affect seismological interpretation due to the need for the interpreting geophysicists to determine which case of co-seismic displacement is more probable for any given locality. The second approach has been shown to provide a more realistic co-seismic displacement accuracy in this study.
Highlights
Earthquakes represent a sudden rupture along faults loaded by tectonic forces
This paper focuses on a method to detect co-seismic static displacement during an earthquake by using precise positioning based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
This differs from the determination of RMSE from the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method
Summary
Earthquakes represent a sudden rupture along faults loaded by tectonic forces. In large shallow earthquakes, the ruptured part of a fault rarely reaches the Earth’s surface and is measurable. Other possibilities may become apparent, especially in the field of earthquake prediction, when monitoring electromagnetic extra-low-frequency perturbations [10] At this time, there is a very cooperative atmosphere in the field of seismology and space geodesy, especially within investigations of larger earthquakes (magnitude >~5), and in particular studies of slip evolution and distribution on faults. It is expected that future progress in this field will mainly be focussed on the continuous monitoring of known faults or broader areas This will lead to better understanding of co-seismic processes, and postseismic relaxation, or even a possible pre-seismic “earthquake preparatory phase”.
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