An inflammatory biomarker‐based nomogram to predict prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis of a prospective study

Xiao‐Hui Li,Song‐Ran Liu,Xiao‐Hui Wang,Hui Chang,Jin Gao,Chen Chen,Shu Zhou,Ya‐Lan Tao,Bing‐Qing Xu,Si‐Lang Zhou,Xin Yang,Chen Qu,Wen‐Wen Zhang,Yun‐Fei Xia

doi:10.1002/cam4.947

Abstract

Chronic inflammation plays an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate whether inflammatory biomarkers such as the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the lymphocyte‐monocyte ratio (LMR) could predict the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this analysis, pretreatment GPS, NLR, PLR, LMR of 388 patients who were diagnosed as nonmetastatic NPC and recruited prospectively in the 863 Program No. 2006AA02Z4B4 were assessed. Of those, the 249 cases enrolled between December 27th 2006 and July 31st 2011 were defined as the development set. The rest 139 cases enrolled between August 1st 2011 and July 31st 2013 were defined as the validation set. The variables above were analyzed in the development set, together with age, gender, Karnofsky performance score, T stage, and N stage, with respect to their impact on the disease‐specific survival (DSS) through a univariate analysis. The candidate prognostic factors then underwent a multivariate analysis. A nomogram was established to predict the DSS, by involving the independent prognostic factors. Its predction capacity was evaluated through calculating Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) in the validation set. After multivariate analysis for the development set, age (≤50 vs. >50 years old), T stage (T1–2 vs. T3–4), N stage (N0–1 vs. N2–3) and pretreatment GPS (0 vs. 1–2), NLR (≤2.5 vs. >2.5), LMR (≤2.35 vs. >2.35) were independent prognostic factors of DSS (P values were 0.002, 0.008, <0.001, 0.004, 0.018, and 0.004, respectively). A nomogram was established by involving all the factors above. Its C‐index for predicting the DSS of the validation set was 0.734 (standard error 0.056). Pretreatment GPS, NLR, and LMR were independent prognostic factors of NPC. The nomogram based on them could be used to predict the DSS of NPC patients.

Highlights

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct type of head and neck cancers because of its unique ethnic and geographic distributions, and pathological and clinical characteristics [1,2,3,4]
The ones enrolled between December 27th 2006 and July 31st 2011 and completed 5-y ear followup were used for exploring the association between inflammatory biomarkers and prognosis of NPC, and developing a nomogram based on these markers
We demonstrated that pretreatment Glasgow prognostic score (GPS)

Summary

Introduction

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct type of head and neck cancers because of its unique ethnic and geographic distributions, and pathological and clinical characteristics [1,2,3,4]. The gold standard for predicting the prognosis of NPC patients is the Union. There are mysterious heterogeneities of clinical outcomes in NPC patients with the same TNM stage [5,6,7,8]. The possible interpretation may be that the TNM staging system is merely based on the anatomy of tumor invasion and did not take into account the functional status of X.-H. More and more approaches have been made to explore the functional biomarkers which are able to improve prognosis prediction of NPC [9, 10]

Methods

Results

Conclusion