Abstract
The investigation described forms part of the Institute of Hydrology's flood studies (1967, 1971) and concerns the preparation of a simple index of flood producing rainfall. This index, called rainfall excess in this paper, is based on daily rainfall and on soil moisture deficit data computed by the British Meteorological Office. It is intended for use as a predicting variable in estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungauged sites. It has been found that at any location and in any season the rainfall excess of T year return period differs from the rainfall of the same return period by a constant amount, which is the same for all values of T. This constant amount can be viewed as a mean soil moisture deficit for the given location and season. Seasonal maps of mean soil moisture deficit can be prepared and used in conjunction with rainfall statistics to provide immediately an index of flood-producing rainfall. This convenient result, the subtractive property of the mean soil moisture deficit, derives from a property of the exponential distribution which was used to describe the distribution of daily rainfall data.
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