Abstract
The objective of this paper is to understand the interactions and functioning of the transportation of people and goods in the urban environment, and to propose an evaluation model in terms of sustainability and integrated transportation. Firstly, an in-depth literature review allowed us to understand the interactions and functioning of transport of people and goods in the urban environment, verifying the main initiatives to promote sustainability. The model was developed through a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology consisting of the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a system specially developed for remote evaluation of the hierarchical model. The index was then applied to São Paulo, where two distinct periods were considered, and the results provided an assessment of the evolution of the city regarding the sustainability and integration of the passenger and freight systems. The conclusions indicate improve in the sustainability of the urban transport and logistics in the city, highlighting the importance of incentives to the use of active modes of transport and the communication channel with population.
Highlights
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, known as Rio + 20, highlighted sustainable transport as the most important topic in sustainable development, which has led many countries to take concrete actions towards the matter [1]
Among the actions discussed by the government, the academic community, and the population, the following ones stand out: (i) a concern regarding the disorderly growth of cities, added to unfinished works which waste resources, and the failure in meeting the population’s needs [6,7]; (ii) environmental degradation caused by pollution, noise, and scarcity of green areas and open spaces [8,9,10]; (iii) social inequality evidenced by the disparity in access to opportunities, and urban spatial segregation [3,11,12]; and (iv) urban mobility issues, which hinder both passenger and freight transport [5,13,14,15]
Sustainability is a very broad concept, and, when related to transport, it is usually expressed in three dimensions: environmental, economic, and social
Summary
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, known as Rio + 20, highlighted sustainable transport as the most important topic in sustainable development, which has led many countries to take concrete actions towards the matter [1]. One of the major barriers to achieving sustainable transport in cities is still the preference for cars [2,3,4]. The fostering of eco-friendly means of transport, such as walking, cycling, and public transport, can be an effective way of developing more sustainable mobility systems [5]. The intention to achieve sustainable development has been responsible for changes in the understanding and planning of the urban environment. Due to the complexity of decisions in the development of transport systems, since there are several criteria to be considered and a viable final decision to be made, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is often used [17]
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