Abstract
Sepsis remains an important cause of death worldwide, and vigorous immune responses during sepsis could be beneficial for bacterial clearance but at the price of collateral damage to self tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to modulate the immune system and attenuate sepsis. In the present study, MSCs derived from bone marrow and umbilical cord were used and compared. With a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunoregulation during sepsis were studied by determining the changes of circulating inflammation-associated cytokine profiles and peripheral blood mononuclear cells 18 hours after CLP-induced sepsis. In vitro, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) showed a similar morphology and surface marker expression. UCMSCs had stronger potential for osteogenesis but lower for adipogenesis than BMMSCs. Compared with rats receiving PBS only after CLP, the percentage of circulating CD3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the ratio of Treg cells/T cells were elevated significantly in rats receiving MSCs. Further experiment regarding Treg cell function demonstrated that the immunosuppressive capacity of Treg cells from rats with CLP-induced sepsis was decreased, but could be restored by administration of MSCs. Compared with rats receiving PBS only after CLP, serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly lower in rats receiving MSCs after CLP. There were no differences between BMMSCs and UCMSCs. In summary, this work provides the first in vivo evidence that administering BMMSCs or UCMSCs to rats with CLP-induced sepsis could increase circulating CD3+CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and Treg cells/T cells ratio, enhance Treg cell suppressive function, and decrease serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, suggesting the immunomodulatory association of Treg cells and MSCs during sepsis.
Highlights
Even with standard therapeutic approaches, sepsis remains an important cause of mortality worldwide [1]
There was no significant difference in the expression level of any single surface marker between bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs)
In the absence of antibiotics therapy, the mortality rates in rats receiving UCMSCs or BMMSCs after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were reduced compared with rats receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only after CLP no statistical significance
Summary
Even with standard therapeutic approaches, sepsis remains an important cause of mortality worldwide [1]. Under such conditions, vigorous immune responses could be beneficial for bacterial clearance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been a promising platform for cell-based therapy over the last decade. Apart from their capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages and their clinical interest in tissue repair [2], MSCs have emerged as potent immune regulators [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Several studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of MSCs in septic animals [9,10,11,12], but the mechanisms of MSCmediated regulation during sepsis are not fully elucidated
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