Abstract
BackgroundTypha elephantina Roxb. is a widely scattered grass like medicinal plant in Bangladesh and thus demands biological investigations to discover its therapeutic potentiality. The aim of our present study was to assess analgesic and anxiolytic properties of methanolic extract of Typha elephantina Roxb.MethodsFor evaluating analgesic activity, the methanolic extract was subjected to intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered acetic acid-induced writhing test & subcutaneously administered (s.c.) formalin-induced hind paw licking test in Swiss-albino mice. The anxiolytic activity was conducted by using elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board models.ResultsFor both methods of analgesic test experimental plant extract was found to have significant (p < 0.001) analgesia at the dose of 200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg body weight in mice when compared to control, where acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg body weight) was used as standard drug. The percentages of inhibition found in case of acetic acid-induced writhing test were 26.27%, 50.45% and 20.29% respectively for acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg), 200 mg/kg extract dose and 400 mg/kg extract dose. On the other hand, during formalin-induced hind paw licking test, the percentages of inhibition also increased when the extract dose increases from 200 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg by 53.95% to 61.79% at early phase and 71.62% to 78.8% at late phase respectively while acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg), responsible for 25.58% and 38.74% of inhibition at both phase sequentially. Again, the crude extract significantly (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) raised the time spent in the open arm (149.2 ± 27.63** sec) & the number of head-dips (50.00 ± 4.66***) at the dose 400 mg/kg body weight in case anxiolytic test, while reference drug diazepam (1 mg/kg body weight) also exhibited significant (p < 0.01) result in case of time spent in open arm (107.0 ± 12** sec) but not for head dipping (14.83 ± 1.6).ConclusionFindings of the present study assure that Typha elephantina Roxb. may be effective for the treatment of pain and anxiety with the demands of further investigations to isolate the active compound(s).
Highlights
Typha elephantina Roxb. is a widely scattered grass like medicinal plant in Bangladesh and demands biological investigations to discover its therapeutic potentiality
Drugs and chemicals Acetic acid and formalin were obtained from Sigma Chemicals, USA; while Aspirin and Sedil were purchased from Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh
Both of them are internationally recognized as acetyl salicylic acid and diazepam respectively as their chemical name
Summary
Typha elephantina Roxb. is a widely scattered grass like medicinal plant in Bangladesh and demands biological investigations to discover its therapeutic potentiality. The aim of our present study was to assess analgesic and anxiolytic properties of methanolic extract of Typha elephantina Roxb. Sen et al Clinical Phytoscience (2018): Modern life stress linked with various tests and afflictions plays the pivotal role for the surge of a variety of psychiatric disorders [5]. Among many psychiatric disorders anxiety disorders, are the most dominant problems and about 10–30% of general population is suffering from these throughout the world [6]. Benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed synthetic drugs for their anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant actions [7]. Impairment in cognitive functions, physical dependence and tolerance side effects, these psychoneural drugs cause harmful effects on respiratory, digestive and immune systems of the body [5]. That’s why the search for new anxiolytic agents with reduced adverse effects is still an area great interest for the researchers [6]
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