Abstract
Graphene-based materials have garnered significant attention because of their versatile bioapplications and extraordinary properties. Graphene oxide (GO) is an extremely oxidized form of graphene accompanied by the functional groups of oxygen on its surface. GO is an outstanding platform on which to pacify silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which gives rise to the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (GO-Ag) nanocomposite. In this experimental study, the toxicity of graphene oxide-silver (GO-Ag) nanocomposites was assessed in an in vitro human breast cancer model to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy. GO-Ag was prepared using the hydrothermal method, and characterization was done by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-rays Analysis (EDAX), atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The experiments were done both with laser exposure, as well as in darkness, to examine the phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites. The cytotoxicity of the GO-Ag was confirmed via a methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species production analysis. The phototoxic effect explored the dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability, as well as provoked cell death via apoptosis. An enormously significant escalation of 1O2 in the samples when exposed to daylight was perceived. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of the results, with p-values < 0.05 selected as significant. These outcomes suggest that GO-Ag nanocomposites could serve as potential candidates for targeted breast cancer therapy.
Highlights
Graphene has been making a noteworthy effect and shows the potential application in biomedicine, for instance anticancer, antibacterial activity, cell science and bio-distinguishing and likewise showing drug conveyance limits [1,2,3,4,5]
The dose arrangement of Graphene oxide (GO)-Ag with increasing concentration ranging from 10–100 μg/mL was placed in 96-well plates, while the remaining column was used as the control [34,35]
The morphology of GO-Ag was ascertained by a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-Scanning electron microscope (SEM)) (NovaTM NanoSEM 450), transmission Electron Microscopy (JEM-1011, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan), and an atomic force microscope (AFM, Park Systems Co., Suwon, Korea)
Summary
Graphene has been making a noteworthy effect and shows the potential application in biomedicine, for instance anticancer, antibacterial activity, cell science and bio-distinguishing and likewise showing drug conveyance limits [1,2,3,4,5]. Previous studies showed that at a lower concentration, treatment with GO in a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line caused no significant cytotoxicity. Graphene oxide produced considerable cytotoxicity with continuous exposure to the SH-SY5Y cell line at a higher concentration for time duration of 96 h [15]. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively studied for its high capability for medical applications, especially in the treatment of cancer. In our work, we have treated a human breast cancer cell line with graphene oxide-silver (GO-Ag) nanocomposites to analyze their effectiveness using PDT. Nanocomposites induced morphological changes towards MCF-7 cells which were an integral component of the cellular mechanism relating to its therapeutic effects and cytotoxicity. This study is useful for the further investigation of graphene-based nanomaterials in nanomedicine and divulges the present development of photodynamic therapy via nanotechnology
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
