Abstract
The multiple causes of cardiovascular diseases signify a major incidence and developmental risk of this pathology. One of the processes accountable for this pathologic development is the instauration of dysbiosis and its connection with an inflammatory process. Low antioxidant colonic protection encourages the progression of inflammation, with cardiovascular dysfunctions being a secondary consequence of the dysbiosis. Curcumin is one of the bioactive compounds displaying promising results for the reduction of an inflammatory process. The present study aims at demonstrating the capacity of three extracts drawn from Curcuma (C.) longa through an in vitro simulation process, for microbiota modulation in patients with hypertension. The acidic pH in the extraction process determined a high curcumin content in the extracts. The major phenolic compound identified was curcumin III, 622 ± 6.88 µg/mL for the ethanol/water/acetic acid extract. Low EC50 values were associated (0.2 µg/mL for DPPH scavenging activity) with the presence of curcumin isomers. A metabolic pattern became evident because the relationship between the short-chain fatty acids acted as a clinical biomarker. The curcumin present stimulated the formation of butyric and propionic acids. Microbiota activity control included a high degree of curcumin degradation and biotransformation in the other phenolic compounds. This developmental process was supported by the progression in the enterobacteria with a corresponding escalation in the pH level. The metabolomic pattern demonstrated a performance similar to the administration of dietary fibre, with the positive effects being dose-dependent.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease management is long-lasting, and involves several medications because in most cases it is allied to other pathologies [1]
From the Figure it is evident that the antiradical activity was the lowest with an EC50 of a maximum of 1 μg/mL when ethanol/water was used as the solvent
Our study proved that the inhibitory concentrations towards more strains were reached by the administration of curcuma extracts
Summary
Cardiovascular disease management is long-lasting, and involves several medications because in most cases it is allied to other pathologies [1]. The development of chronic disease often starts with the occurrence of an inflammatory process that indirectly results in physiological dysfunctions [3]. Among all the processes, is the chief culprit that determines the development of cardiovascular pathologies. In this context, the role of cerebral oxidative stress in the manifestation of hypertension has been demonstrated [4]. The interest shown towards and reasons for the selection of Curcuma longa in this study arises from certain health benefits, which result from its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [5]. The curcumin isomers possess many biological activities, not clearly studied as yet, involving the interactions with human microbiota [6]
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