Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate, in polyurethane foam sheets, the primary implant stability of a NanoShort implant compared to a self-condenser implant and to a standard, conventional implant. Materials and Methods: Three implant designs were evaluated in the present in vitro investigation: The Test implant (NanoShort), the Control A implant (self-condenser), and the Control B implant (standard design). The study was conducted by comparing the insertion torque values, the pull-out strength values, and the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values of the Test and Control A and B implants inserted in polyurethane foam models of different thicknesses and densities. The foam densities were 10, 20, and 30 pounds per cubic foot (pcf). Three thicknesses of polyurethane foams (1, 2, 3 mm) were evaluated for a total of 640 experimental sites. Results: The Pearson correlation showed a moderate/strong correlation between all study groups (r > 0.3) for insertion torque and pull-out strength levels. Increased stability of the Test implants was obtained in 3 mm polyurethane sheets. The 2.5 and 3.5 mm Test implants presented good stability in 3 mm polyurethane sheets of 20–30 pcf densities. The Control implants showed better results compared to the Test implants in 1, 2, and 3 mm polyurethane sheets with densities of 10, 20, and 30 pcf. Conclusions: The NanoShort dental implant evaluated in this in vitro study showed a high level of stability in some experimental conditions, and could represent a useful tool, especially in the posterior mandible, as an alternative to vertical augmentation procedures.
Highlights
The NanoShort dental implant evaluated in this in vitro study showed a high level of stability in some experimental conditions, and could represent a useful tool, especially in the posterior mandible, as an alternative to vertical augmentation procedures
During the insertion of dental implants, bone density plays a key role in determining the primary stability of the implants [1,2]
The results were similar when comparing the 2.5 and 3.5 NanoShort implants (Test A and Test sheets, good stability of the Test implants was only obtained in the sheets of 30 pcf density (Table 1)
Summary
During the insertion of dental implants, bone density plays a key role in determining the primary stability of the implants [1,2]. There is, a need to understand the relationship between bone density and primary implant stability to plan implant treatment in a proper way [1]. To get mineralized tissues at the interface with the implants, there is an absolute need to achieve primary implant stability, i.e., the initial biomechanical engagement between bone and implant, with no relative micromovements between these two structures, immediately after insertion of the implants [3,4,5,6]. Poor bone density affects primary stability in a negative way [4,5,7]. The main factors influencing primary stability are the percentage of Polymers 2019, 11, 1020; doi:10.3390/polym11061020 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers
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