An In Vitro Evaluation of the Capacity of Local Tanzanian Crude Clay and Ash-Based Materials in Binding Aflatoxins in Solution.

Emmanuel Ayo,Athanasia Matemu,Martin Kimanya,Germana Laswai

doi:10.3390/toxins10120510

Emmanuel Ayo, Athanasia Matemu + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120510

Copy DOI

Abstract

Aflatoxins in feeds cause great health hazards to animals, and thus eventually to humans as well. The potential of clays from Arusha (AC), Kilimanjaro (KC), the Coast (CC), and Morogoro (MC), as well as volcanic ash (VA) and rice husk ash (RA), were evaluated for their capacity to adsorb aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), and G2 (AFG2) relative to a commercial binder Mycobind® (R) using in vitro technique. On average, CC, VA, KC, MC, AC, RA, and R adsorbed 39.9%, 51.3%, 61.5%, 62.0%, 72.6%, 84.7%, and 98.1% of the total aflatoxins from solution, respectively. The capacity of AC and RA was statistically (p < 0.05) better in binding aflatoxins next to R. The adsorption capacity seemed to follow the trend of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of these materials. The CEC (meq/100 g) of CC, MC, KC, VA, AC, RA, and R were 7.0, 15.4, 18.8, 25.4, 27.2, 27.2, and 38.9, respectively. On average 96.3%, 42.7%, 80.8%, and 32.1% of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 were adsorbed, respectively. The binding capacity of the clays and ashes relative to Mycobind® was about 100% for AC and RA, 50% for KC, MC, and VA, and 33.3% for CC. The AC and RA seem to be promising resources in binding aflatoxins in solution.

Highlights

Aflatoxins are natural toxins that are produced in foods and feeds, primarily by certain species of fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, when conditions are favorable for fungal growth and subsequent toxin formation
Muscovite mineral was observed in clays from Arusha (AC) and Kilimanjaro (KC), kaolinite was observed in the clays from Coast (CC) and Morogoro (MC), leucite was observed in the clay from Morogoro (MC), microline and ephicite were observed in volcanic ash (VA), albite and terranovite were observed in rice husk ash (RA), while metanatrolite and phlogopite were observed in reference binder (R)
The chemical composition of the binding material (BM) that was observed in this study was similar to the composition of aluminosilicate-based materials reported from various other studies

Summary

Introduction

Aflatoxins are natural toxins that are produced in foods and feeds, primarily by certain species of fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, when conditions are favorable for fungal growth and subsequent toxin formation. Aflatoxins exist in four forms of health, agricultural importance, and economic importance, namely aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ), B2 (AFB2 ), G1 (AFG1 ), and G2. Almost all feed resources contain certain levels of naturally occurring aflatoxins, and any level of dietary aflatoxins consumed poses a certain health risk [5]. Studies show that aflatoxins in feeds depress the growth and production performance of animals [6,7]. When animals are fed naturally aflatoxin-contaminated feeds, the toxins (mostly AFB1 ) are secreted in cow milk or retained in hen eggs as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) [8,9,10]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion