An In Vitro Evaluation of Denture Cleansing Regimens against a Polymicrobial Denture Biofilm Model.

Jason L Brown,Gordon Ramage,Jonathan R Pratten,Tracy Young,Mark C Butcher,Emily Mckloud,David Bradshaw

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11010113

Jason L Brown, Gordon Ramage + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010113

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Abstract

Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory disease resulting from a polymicrobial biofilm perturbation at the denture surface–palatal mucosa interface. Recommendations made by dental health care professionals often lack clarity for appropriate denture cleaning. This study investigated the efficacy of brushing with off-the-shelf denture cleanser (DC) tablets (Poligrip®) vs. two toothpastes (Colgate® and Crest®) in alleviating the viable microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in an in vitro denture biofilm model. Biofilms were grown on poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA) discs, then treated daily for 7 days with mechanical disruption (brushing), plus Poligrip® DC, Colgate® or Crest® toothpastes. Weekly treatment with Poligrip® DC on day 7 only was compared to daily modalities. All treatment parameters were processed to determine viable colony forming units for bacteria and fungi using the Miles and Misra technique, and imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Brushing with daily DC therapy was the most effective treatment in reducing the viable biofilm over 7 days of treatment. Brushing only was ineffective in controlling the viable bioburden, which was confirmed by CLSM imaging. This data indicates that regular cleansing of PMMA with DC was best for polymicrobial biofilms.

Highlights

Denture stomatitis (DS) is an oral disease affecting up to 70% of older patients [1]
Colony forming unit (CFU) counts for aerobic (Figure 1A), anaerobic bacteria (Figure 1B) and fungi (Figure 1C) were determined by plate counting over the 7-day treatment in the non-treated controls on all days the CFU counts were above ~5 × 107
Anaerobic bacteria were significantly reduced from day 1 to day 7 (** p < 0.01 or *** p < 0.001)

Summary

Introduction

Denture stomatitis (DS) is an oral disease affecting up to 70% of older patients [1]. C. albicans has been identified as the main etiological agent in the progression of DS [4] It has been detected on the surface of dentures in 72% of patients, though often with no sign of DS [5,6]. This indicates that while Candida species prevalence may be a risk factor, the bacterial microbiome of the denture may influence disease. In vitro biofilm models investigating DS need to reflect the interkingdom dynamic for accurate and representative antimicrobial testing of oral healthcare products, such as denture cleansers and toothpastes. Such a consideration is often overlooked for these model testing platforms

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