An in vitro and in vivo study of some biological and biochemical effects of Sistrurus Malarius Barbouri venom

Abstract

Some possible biological and biochemical effects of Sistrurus Malarius Barbouri (SMB) crude venom were investigated. The acute median lethal doses of the venom under investigation were found to be 14.4 and 9.72 μg/g body weight (b.w.), respectively, in rats on i.p. administration. The possible neurotoxicity of acute, subchronic and chronic doses was investigated in-vivo and in-vitro. The venom at a dose level of 2 μg/g b.w. significantly impaired motor coordination, learning and retention, spontaneous activity and produced behavioural changes, muscle weakness and loss of righting reflex in mice. The same dose also produced a significant decrease in body temperature and inhibited acetylcholine-induced contraction of the isolated smooth (rabbit intestine) and skeletal (frog rectus abdominis) muscles and impaired transmission at the nerve muscle synapse of the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. The effects of the acute sublethal and chronic doses on carbohydrate metabolism revealed a hyperglycemic effect associated with a diminution of liver and muscle glycogen, while its effects on blood electrolytes (sodium and potassium) showed a significant elevation in the blood sodium level and a significant reduction in that of potassium. Serum enzymes were also affected. Levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were moderately increased. The crude venom had an aggregatory effect on platelets and had also a phospholipase A 2 activity while, on the other hand, it showed no l-amino acid oxidase activity. Testing of the effect of the venom on the plasma recalcification time showed that the venom had an anticoagulant effect in case of high dose (200 μg), while a coagulant effect was produced at a low dose of the venom (2.5 μg). SMB venom at a dose level of 1.94 μg/g b.w. (LD 10) was found to exhibit no significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth when injected into mice.