An in vitro and in silico study on the synthesis and characterization of novel bis(sulfonate) derivatives as tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase inhibitors

Abstract

Herein, we present a straightforward synthetic strategy mediated by triethylamine to prepare the target salicylaldehyde functional group's bearing bis(sulfonate) derivatives. The novel bis(sulfonate) derivatives (compounds 2a–i) were designed, synthesized, and characterized for the first time. The structures of compounds were determined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS techniques. Enzyme inhibition effects and enzyme interactions of compounds were evaluated on tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase enzymes by using in silico and in vitro methods. According to the enzyme assays, compound 2h had more effective inhibition against the pancreatic lipase enzyme with a lower IC50 value (53.3 ± 2.7 µM) than the other compounds. On the other hand, two of the newly synthesized compounds (2f and 2h) had effective inhibitions against the tyrosinase enzyme with having (49.5 ± 2.5 µM) IC50 values. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to determine the interactions and binding energy levels of the bis(sulfonate) derivatives with tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase. Also, additional ADME studies of the bis(sulfonate) compounds were evaluated.