Abstract
An in-depth and comprehensive assessment of new observations from BDS-3 satellites is presented, with the main focus on the Carrier-to-Noise density ratio (C/N0), the quality of code and carrier phase observations for B1C and B2a signal. The signal characteristics of geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites of BDS-3 were grouped and compared, respectively. The evaluation results of the new B1C and B2a signals of BDS-3 were compared with the previously B1I/B2I/B3I signals and the interoperable signals of GPS, Galileo and quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS) were compared simultaneously. As expected, the results clearly show that B1C and B2a have better signal strength and higher accuracy, including code and carrier phase observations. The C/N0 of the B2a signal is about 3 dB higher than other signals. One exception is the code observation accuracy of B3I, which value is less than 0.15 m. The carrier precision of B1C and B2a is better than that of B1I/B2I/B3I. Despite difference-in-difference (DD) observation quantity or zero-base line evaluation is adopted, while B1C is about 0.3 mm higher carrier precision than B2a. The BDS-3 MEO satellite and GPS, Galileo, and QZSS satellites have the same level of signal strength, code and phase observation accuracy at the interoperable frequency, namely 1575.42 MHz and 1176.45 MHz which are very suitable for the co-position application.
Highlights
Since the influence of the signal modulation method, the disturbance of the GNSS signal-in-space transmission, the decoding accuracy of the receiver and thermal noise, the raw observations of the GNSS receiver have noise or errors [1]
The BDS-3 medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite and GPS, Galileo, and quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS) satellites have the same level of signal strength, code and phase observation accuracy at the interoperable frequency, namely 1575.42 MHz and 1176.45 MHz which are very suitable for the co-position application
The B2a signal is consistent with the center frequency of the GPS L5, Galileo E5a, QZSS L5, and NAVIC L5 signals, and the BPSK (10) modulation method is used for their data component and pilot component
Summary
Since the influence of the signal modulation method, the disturbance of the GNSS signal-in-space transmission, the decoding accuracy of the receiver and thermal noise, the raw observations of the GNSS receiver (including code and carrier phase observations) have noise or errors [1]. Hauschild et al [3] evaluated the signal quality, carrier-to-noise ratio, the accuracy of code and carrier observations of the first MEO-1 satellite of the BDS-2 system, and compared it with the performance of GPS and Galileo satellites. Used the zero-baseline single difference (SD) to evaluate the performance of the BDS-2 satellites, where the accuracy of code observation is about 33 cm, and the accuracy of carrier observation is about 2 mm. There are few studies on B1C and B2a signals of BDS-3 and their contrast with GPS and Galileo signals at the same frequency, lacking a thorough, comprehensive analysis and review In this contribution, the characteristics of the new signal of the BDS-3 global constellation are comprehensively and in-depth evaluated by the authors.
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