Abstract
Static calibrations of a flush-mounted hot film gage are carried out on a wall of a wind tunnel at zero and favorable stream-wise pressure gradients. The calibrations at the zero pressure gradient show that the cube root of time-averaged wall shear stress, T^-1/3w is proportional to [E^-2-E^-20], in which is time-averaged output voltage of the constant temperature anemometer and E^-0 is one in the absence of a main stream except for the natural convection flow over the gage. This relationship helps to eliminate disadvanteges caused by thermal conduction into the hot-film substrate and thermal radiation from the hot film. Under the favorable pressure gradients, this relationship needs to be modified using a term of pressure gradiant. A formula for this pressure gradient modification is proposed in this paper. This formula is applied to study the fluctuations of the wall shear stress in relation to the coherent structure of turbulent boundary layers.
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