Abstract
In the Threshold-Sensitive Stable Election Protocol, sensors are randomly deployed in the region without considering the balanced energy consumption of nodes. If a node that has been selected as a cluster head is located far away from the base station, it will affect the efficiency of the network due to its early death. This paper proposes an improved energy efficient routing protocol named Improved Threshold-Sensitive Stable Election protocol (ITSEP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Firstly, we use a node state transformation mechanism to control the number of cluster heads in high-density node areas. Secondly, the proposed protocol improves the threshold formula by considering the distance from the node to the base station, the number of neighbor nodes, its residual energy, and the average distance between nodes. In addition, an optimal route with minimum energy consumption for cluster heads has been selected throughout data transmission. Simulation results show that this algorithm has achieved a longer lifetime than the stable election protocol algorithm, modified stable election protocol algorithm, and threshold-sensitive stable election protocol algorithm for the heterogeneous wireless sensor network.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks can be divided into homogeneous wireless sensor network and heterogeneous wireless sensor network
In the Threshold-Sensitive Stable Election Protocol (TSEP) algorithm, the cluster head election mechanism does not consider the remaining energy of the node and the distance between the node and base station, and each node has the probability of being selected as a cluster head
A path with a minimum sum of energy consumption would be selected for data transmission, and it will be more efficient for some cluster heads that are at a long distance to use the intermediate node to communicate with the base station
Summary
Wireless sensor networks can be divided into homogeneous wireless sensor network and heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Stable election protocol (SEP), which is designed to deal with heterogeneous networks, introduces the concept of advanced and normal nodes for cluster head selection [6]. The proposed protocol improves the threshold of cluster head selection by considering the remaining energy of the node and the distance between the node and the base station. The nodes of the wireless sensor are randomly deployed in the network, and each node is in a different location from the base station In this phase, the probability of selecting a cluster head in each round is directly related to the initial energy of the node.
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