An Improved Quantum-Inspired Gravitational Search Algorithm to Optimize the Facial Features

Abstract

The optimization of the features is vital to effectively detecting facial expressions. This research work has optimized the facial features by employing the improved quantum-inspired gravitation search algorithm (IQI-GSA). The improvement to the quantum-inspired gravitational search algorithm (QIGSA) is conducted to handle the local optima trapping. The QIGSA is the amalgamation of the quantum computing and gravitational search algorithm that owns the overall strong global search ability to handle the optimization problems in comparison with the gravitational search algorithm. In spite of global searching ability, the QIGSA can be trapped in local optima in the later iterations. This work has adapted the IQI-GSA approach to handle the local optima, stochastic characteristics and maintaining balance among the exploration and exploitation. The IQI-GSA is utilized for the optimized features selection from the set of extracted features using the LGBP (a hybrid approach of local binary patterns with the Gabor filter) method. The system performance is analyzed for the application of automated facial expressions recognition with the classification technique of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The extensive experimentation evaluation is conducted on the benchmark datasets of Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE), Radboud Faces Database (RaFD) and Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF). To determine the effectiveness of the proposed facial expression recognition system, the results are also evaluated for the feature optimization with GSA and QIGSA. The evaluation results clearly demonstrate the outperformed performance of the considered system with IQI-GSA in comparison with GSA, QIGSA and existing techniques available for the experimentation on utilized datasets.