Abstract
Step Frequency Continuous Wave Ground Penetrating Radar (SFCW-GPR), as a tool for nondestructive testing of shallow soil surface targets, the realization of the function of SFCW-GPR is mainly based on the theory of refraction, reflection and scattering of electromagnetic wave in the discontinuity of dielectric constant. So, the UWB antenna system, an important part of SFCW-GPR, becomes more indispensable. In this paper, an improved modified universal antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated. Based on a typical Bow-tie antenna, it is modified by the methods of lumped loads, cavity-backed loading and structure loading. The simulated and measured results show that the UWB antenna has 1.36 GHz bandwidth from 0.64 to 2.0 GHz with three resonant wavelength peaks, and having been modified and improved, the UWB antenna performances including voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR), input impedance, the boresight gain and current distribution, are much better than the typical Bow-tie antenna. In addition, the results of verification experiment of Step Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW) show that the antenna can be applied to the working scenarios of SFCW-GPR.
Highlights
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an effective tool to identify and locate an underground target less than 50 m from the surface by the fact of the reflection and scattering theory of electromagnetic wave in discontinuous medium, because of its advantages in the detection process including fast speed, continuous and high imaging resolution
Compared with the other two types, the Step Frequency signal transmitted by Step Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW)-GPR has many other advantages including high sensitivity, high precision and ease of processing and analysis
The simulated and measured reflection coefficient and voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) curves of the optimized design are plotted in Figures 16 and 17
Summary
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an effective tool to identify and locate an underground target less than 50 m from the surface by the fact of the reflection and scattering theory of electromagnetic wave in discontinuous medium, because of its advantages in the detection process including fast speed, continuous and high imaging resolution. Compared with the other two types, the Step Frequency signal transmitted by SFCW-GPR has many other advantages including high sensitivity, high precision and ease of processing and analysis. Noted in Reference [3], in the most recent version of the FCC Part 15 rules, the demarcation between wideband and UWB was decreased to 0.20 (20%). Noted in References [3,4], the OSD/DARPA Review Panel states that signals having fractional bandwidths greater than 0.25
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