Abstract
With the hasteful development of ocean economy and the increasing exploiture of ocean resources, offshore water is contaminated seriously. Ocean ecological environment is unprecedentedly faced to threat and destruction. Moreover, the desire for aquatic and marine products is increasing consumedly according to people’s health attention rising. It is extremely urgent to establish and maintain low-cost and high-efficient transmission and localization schemes for real-time large-scale aquaculture surveillance systems. Localization scheme IMDV-hop (Intermittent Mobile DV-hop) embedded in WLS (weighted least square) method, accompanying with HTC (Hidden Terminal Couple), is proposed in this work for the purpose of environment surveillance, object localization for early warning, rescue operations, and restructuring plan, etc. Two critical parameters, correction coefficient kc and weighted coefficient {w}_{N_x,i} , are introduced into IMDV-hop scheme for large-scale aquaculture monitoring and localization mobile sensor systems to evaluate the influence on localization behaviors, and subsequently guarantee localization accuracy and time-critical performance. And localization error, delay, and consumption are predicted by comprehensive NS-2 simulations. Besides, performance comparisons of IMDV-hop scheme with other DV-hop-based schemes and MCL-based scheme are also proposed. Analysis and comparison results show that delay behavior of IMDV-hop is improved largely relative to other schemes, while accuracy and energy consumption performance is improved in some cases of more node density and lower mobile velocity.
Highlights
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have revolutionized the world of distributed systems and enabled many new applications
Time is divided into discrete intervals, and a sensor node localizes itself in each localization window LW, which is constituted by several intervals
We present extensive simulations to validate the accuracy of evaluated metrics for localization error, delay, and energy consumption of IMDV-hop scheme using NS-2 simulator according to previous analyses
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have revolutionized the world of distributed systems and enabled many new applications. Locations must be known in environmental monitoring applications such as bush fire surveillance, water quality monitoring, and precision agriculture. Ocean explorations and a multitude of underwater applications such as oceanographic data collection, warning systems for natural disasters, ecological applications, military under water surveillance, and industrial applications are provoking people to focus on UWSNs. And people’s growing needs for aquatic organisms to be rich in proteinic substance and other trace elements can be fulfilled or relieved through aquaculture farm. Turtles are equipped sensor nodes for farmers to obtain real-time positions of them and, subsequently, are executed on-time nurses if they encounter disease or inactivity, to increase survival ratio.
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