Abstract
The plane wave reflection loss due to scattering at rough ocean surface is calculated using a boundary perturbation method involving an integration over the surface wave spectrum. For large correlation lengths the integral reduces to the commonly used Kirchhoff formula, except at low grazing angles. The corresponding normal-mode attenuation coefficients for low-order modes are consequently underestimated by the Kirchhoff formula. Using a Gaussian wave spectrum for convenience, an alternate formula is proposed which is valid for large correlation lengths at low grazing angles or low-order modes.
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