An Improved Harmony Search Algorithm for Proactive Routing Protocol in VANET

Ravie Chandren Muniyandi,Ali Maroosi,Mustafa Raad Hammoodi,Mohammad Kamrul Hasan,Muhammad Arif

doi:10.1155/2021/6641857

Ravie Chandren Muniyandi, Ali Maroosi + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641857

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Abstract

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the direct application of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) in which the nodes represent vehicles moving in a city or highway scenario. The deployment of VANET relies on routing protocols to transmit the information between the nodes. Different routing protocols that have been designed for MANET were proposed to be applied in VANET. However, the real-time implementation is still facing challenges to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) of VANET. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the well-known MANET proactive optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol. The OLSR in VANET gives a moderate performance; this is due to its necessity of maintaining an updated routing table for all possible routes. The performance of OLSR is highly dependent on its parameter. Thus, finding optimal parameter configurations that best fit VANET features and improve its quality of services is essential before its deployment. The harmony search (HS) is an emerging metaheuristic optimization algorithm with features of simplicity and exploration efficiency. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an improved harmony search optimization (EHSO) algorithm that considers the configuration of the OLSR parameters by coupling two stages, a procedure for optimization carried out by the EHSO algorithm based on embedding two popular selection methods in its memory, namely, roulette wheel selection and tournament selection. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach has achieved the QoS requirement, compared to the existing algorithms.

Highlights

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is considered as an emerged class of the well-known mobile ad hoc network (MANET) [1, 2]
E optimized link state routing (OLSR) mechanisms are regulated by a set of parameters predefined in the OLSR RFC, and they are the timeouts before resending HELLO, Multiple Interface Declaration (MID), and Topology Control (TC) messages (HELLO-INTERVAL, MID-INTERVAL, and TC-INTERVAL, respectively); the “validity time” of the information received via these three message types, which are NEIGHB HOLD TIME (HELLO), MID HOLD TIME (MID), and TOP HOLD TIME (TC); the WILLINGNESS of a node to act as an MPR; and DUP HOLD TIME, which represents the time during which the MPRs record information about the forwarded packets [15]
Column 2 contains the OLSR configurations of the standard OLSR proposed by the RFC 3626; and columns 3–5 contain the OLSR configurations obtained by each one of the meta-heurisitc algorithms studied in this research:improved harmony search (OLSR-improved HS (IHS)), harmony search algorithm (OLSR-HS), and particle swarm optimization, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is considered as an emerged class of the well-known mobile ad hoc network (MANET) [1, 2]. E harmony search algorithm as an optimization technique can be used to automatically fine-tune a solution vector to obtain efficient OLSR parameter configurations that can be used for the VANETs. e OLSR mechanisms are regulated by a set of parameters predefined in the OLSR RFC, and they are the timeouts before resending HELLO, MID, and TC messages (HELLO-INTERVAL, MID-INTERVAL, and TC-INTERVAL, respectively); the “validity time” of the information received via these three message types, which are NEIGHB HOLD TIME (HELLO), MID HOLD TIME (MID), and TOP HOLD TIME (TC); the WILLINGNESS of a node to act as an MPR (to carry and forward traffic to other nodes); and DUP HOLD TIME, which represents the time during which the MPRs record information about the forwarded packets [15]

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Proposed Approach and Design Consideration

Simulation Setup and Parameter Configuration

Analysis and Discussion